Immunization
UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME
- The immunization Programme is one of the key interventions for the protection of children from life-threatening conditions, which are preventable. It is one of the largest immunization programs in the world and a major public health intervention in the country.
- The immunization Programme in India was introduced in 1978 as the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI).
- The program gained momentum in 1985 and was expanded as Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) to be implemented in a phased manner to cover all districts in the country by 1989-90.
- UIP become a part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 Since, 1997, immunization activities have been an important component of the National Reproductive & Child Health Programme and are currently one of the key areas under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005.
- Under the Universal Immunization Programme, the Government of India is providing vaccination to prevent eleven vaccine-preventable diseases i.e.Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella, severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus Influenza type B (Hib), Pneumococcal and Diarrhoeas due to Rota virus.
The Vaccination Schedule under the UIP
|
National Immunization Schedule |
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|
Vaccine |
When to give |
Dose |
Route |
Site |
|
For Pregnant Women |
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| Td-1 |
Give as early as possible in pregnancy |
0.5ml |
Intramuscular |
Upper Arm |
| Td-2 | 4 weeks after Td-1 | 0.5ml | Intramuscular | Upper Arm |
| Td-Booster | If received 2 Td doses in a pregnancy within the last 3 years | 0.5ml | Intramuscular | Upper Arm |
|
For Infants |
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|
BCG |
At birth or as early as possible till one year of age |
0.1ml (0.05ml until 1 month of age) |
Intra-dermal |
Left Upper Arm |
|
Hepatitis B Birth Dose |
At birth or as early as possible within 24 hours |
0.5ml |
Intramuscular |
Anterolateral side of mid thigh-Left |
|
OPV Birth dose |
At birth or as early as possible within the first 15 days |
2 drops |
Oral |
Oral |
|
OPV 1,2 & 3 |
At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks |
2 drops |
Oral |
Oral |
|
fIPV (fractional Inactivated Polio Vaccine) |
At 6 and 14 weeks |
0.1ml |
Intra-dermal |
Right Upper Arm |
|
Pentavelant 1,2 & 3 |
At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks |
0.5ml |
Intramuscular |
Anterolateral side of mid thigh-Left |
|
Rota Virus Vaccine |
At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks |
5 drops |
Oral |
- |
| PCV (Penumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) | At 6 weeks & 14 weeks at 9 completed months booster | 0.5ml | Intramuscular | Anterolateral side of mid thigh-Right |
|
MR (Measles Rubella)1st Dose |
At 9 completed months-12 months. (give up to 5 years if not received at 9-12 months age) |
0.5ml |
Subcutaneous |
Right Upper Arm |
|
Vitamin A, 1st Dose |
At 9 months with MR |
1 ml (1 lakh IU) |
Oral |
Oral |
|
For Children |
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|
DPT 1st booster |
16-24 months |
0.5ml |
Intramuscular |
Anterolateral side of mid thigh-Left |
|
OPV Booster |
16-24 months |
2 drops |
Oral |
Oral |
|
MR (Measles Rubella) 2nd dose |
16-24 Months |
0.5ml |
Subcutaneous |
Right Upper Arm |
|
Vitamin A (2nd to 9th dose) |
At 16 months with DPT/OPV booster, then, one dose every 6 month up to the age of 5 years |
2ml (2 lakh IU) |
Oral |
Oral |
|
DPT 2nd Booster |
5-6 years |
0.5ml |
Intramuscular |
Left Upper Arm |
|
Td |
10 years & 16 years |
0.5 ml |
Intramuscular |
Upper Arm |